Preparation: Before the procedure, the patient is typically given a local anesthetic or sedation to minimize discomfort. In some cases, general anesthesia may be used, especially if more extensive interventions are planned. The patient is positioned on their side, and the area where the thoracoscope will be inserted is cleaned and sterilized.

Incision: A small incision, usually around 1 cm in length, is made on the chest wall. The location of this incision depends on the specific purpose of the thoracoscopy. The thoracoscope, which is a rigid tube with a light source and camera at the end, is then inserted through this incision.

Visualization: The thoracoscope provides real-time video images of the inside of the chest cavity, allowing the doctor to examine the pleura, lungs, and any abnormalities such as pleural effusions (accumulations of fluid), pleural thickening, tumors, or infections.

Biopsy and Treatment: In addition to visualization, the thoracoscope allows for the collection of tissue samples (biopsy) for further diagnostic evaluation. If necessary, medical instruments can also be introduced through additional small incisions for therapeutic purposes, such as draining fluid, removing adhesions, or treating specific pleural conditions.

Conclusion: Once the procedure is completed, the instruments are removed, and the incisions are typically closed with sutures or adhesive strips. The patient may be monitored for a short period in a recovery area before being discharged.